The Cucuteni Eneolithic Art Museum was inaugurated on June 24, 2005, on the very day of the municipality of Piatra-Neamț, and is unique in terms of its theme, being at the same time a museum of history, archaeology, and art, which currently houses the most important collection of Eneolithic art in Eastern Europe. The building was constructed between 1927 and 1928 by entrepreneur Carol Zane in the Neo-Romanian style, based on a design by the former chief architect of the capital, Roger Bolomey.. 

The museum is dedicated exclusively to Cucuteni art, with its two basic components—decorative art (represented by richly ornamented vessels) and figurative art (represented by anthropomorphic statuettes and zoomorphic figurines). Currently, only prestigious artifacts of this civilization are exhibited here, with artistic and cultic value, true masterpieces of prehistoric art.

The Cucuteni civilization is probably the most important cultural manifestation in European prehistory, given the high degree of development achieved by its human communities. It formed in the Subcarpathian region of Moldova, from where it spread over a vast area, covering the present-day territories of Romania (southeastern Transylvania, northeastern Muntenia, Moldova, and Bukovina), the Republic of Moldova, and Ukraine.

It evolved over a period of a millennium and a half (approx. 5000-3500 BC), through several phases and stages, covering the entire Eneolithic period in this part of Europe.

However, its fame is due to its masterpieces of decorative and figurative art, characterized by exceptional refinement and remarkable symmetry of forms and decorations.