The museum has an important collection of fossils, as well as rare specimens of flora and fauna from Neamţ County, especially from Mount Ceahlău, the natural symbol of Neamţ County.

Here we can also admire an interesting collection of mine flowers. Also on display are specimens of bivalves, gastropods, arachnids, and reptiles from the Oligocene formations of Piatra-Neamţ, comprising the paleoichthyofauna collection, which is an important source of information about the paleoecology of the Paratethys during the Oligocene.